What is Prometheus?
Prometheus is an open-source systems and service monitoring system. It was originally built by SoundCloud and is now a standalone open-source project. Prometheus collects metrics from targets by scraping an HTTP endpoint. The metrics are stored in a time-series database and can be queried using PromQL, a powerful query language.
Main Features
Prometheus has several key features that make it a popular choice for monitoring and logging. These include:
- Multi-dimensional data model with time-series data
- PromQL query language for powerful querying
- Scraping and pulling metrics from targets
- Alerting and notification system
Scaling Prometheus
Horizontal Scaling
Prometheus can be scaled horizontally by adding more instances of the Prometheus server. This allows for the handling of more metrics and targets. To scale horizontally, you can use a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple Prometheus instances.
Example Configuration
Here is an example configuration for scaling Prometheus horizontally:
| Configuration | Value |
|---|---|
| scrape_interval | 10s |
| evaluation_interval | 10s |
| alertmanager.notification_timeout | 10s |
How to Secure Prometheus
Authentication and Authorization
Prometheus provides several options for authentication and authorization. These include basic authentication, OAuth 2.0, and OpenID Connect. You can also use external authentication and authorization systems, such as LDAP or Active Directory.
Example Configuration
Here is an example configuration for basic authentication:
| Configuration | Value |
|---|---|
| basic_auth.username | prometheus |
| basic_auth.password | mypassword |
Prometheus Monitoring and Logging Backup Snapshots Tutorial
Backup Snapshots
Prometheus provides a feature called backup snapshots allows you to create a backup of your Prometheus data. This can be useful for disaster recovery or for migrating to a new Prometheus instance.
Example Command
Here is an example command for creating a backup snapshot:
prometheus –storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus –web.enable-admin-api –web.enable-lifecycle –web.listen-address=:9090 –storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d –storage.tsdb.wal-compression –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-size=512000 –storage.tsdb.max-block-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h –storage.tsdb.block-sync-concurrency=2 –storage.tsdb.wal-retain-duration=48h –storage.tsdb.max-wal-size=0 –storage.tsdb.min-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-length=512 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-overlap=0 –storage.tsdb.max-chunk-size=